|
Višeslav ((ギリシア語:Βοϊσέσθλαβος), (セルビア語:Вишеслав)) or Vojislav (Војислав) was the first Serbian ruler known by name, who ruled as the Prince of the Serbs in 780. He was a progenitor of the Vlastimirović dynasty, which ruled the polity known in historiography as the Serbian Principality. The history of the early medieval Serbian Principality and the Vlastimirović dynasty (ruled ca. 610–960) is recorded in the work ''De Administrando Imperio'' ("On the Governance of the Empire", ), compiled by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus ( 913–959). The work mentions the first Serbian ruler, without a name (known conventionally as the "Unknown Archon"), that led the Serbs to the Balkans and received the protection of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641), and was said to have died long before the Bulgar invasion (680). The Serbian ruler was titled "Prince (''archon'') of the Serbs" (αρχων Σερβλίας). In Serbo-Croatian historiography, the Slavic title of ''knez'' (кнез) is used instead of the Greek ''arhont'' (архонт). The DAI mentions that the Serbian throne is inherited by ''the son'', i.e. the first-born;〔 his descendants succeeded him, though their names are unknown until the coming of Višeslav. The first ruler of the dynasty known by name was Višeslav who began his rule around 780, being a contemporary of Charlemagne ( 768–814). The Serbs at that time were organized into ''župe'' (sing. ''župa''), a confederation of village communities (roughly the equivalent of a county), headed by a local ''župan'' (a magistrate or governor); the governorship was hereditary, and the ''župan'' reported to the Serbian prince, whom they were obliged to aid in war. According to one theory, Višeslav could have been a chief military leader (''veliki vojvoda'') who with his company seized the entire power in his hands and turned himself into a hereditary ruler, as ''veliki župan''; in this way, the first Serbian state was thus established after 150 years of permanent living in the new homeland and existence of military democracy. The first capital of the Serbs was Ras, in Raška.〔 According to DAI, "baptized Serbia" (known erranously in historiography as ''Raška''), included the inhabited cities (καστρα/kastra) of Destinikon (Δεστινίκον), Tzernabouskeï (Τζερναβουσκέη), Megyretous (Μεγυρέτους), Dresneïk (Δρεσνεήκ), Lesnik (Λεσνήκ), Salines (Σαληνές), while the land (χοριον/chorion) of Bosna (Βοσωνα) had the cities of Katera (Κατερα) and Desnik (Δέσνηκ).〔Moravcsik 1967, p. 153, 155〕 The other Serb-inhabited lands (or principalities) that were mentioned in the DAI included the maritime Paganija, Zahumlje and Travunija,〔 while maritime Duklja was held by the Byzantines (it was presumably settled with Serbs as well). All of the maritime lands bordered Serbia to the north.〔 Serb lands in the 9th century (en).png|Serb lands in the 9th century Stari Ras.jpg|View of the highland part of the Stari Ras complex Although Višeslav is only mentioned by name, the DAI mentions that the Serbs served the Byzantine Emperor, and that they were at this time at peace with the Bulgars, whose neighbours they were and with whom they shared a common frontier.〔Moravcsik 1967, p. 155〕 The Bulgars, under Telerig, planned to colonize Bulgaria with Slavs from the neighbouring Berziti, as the earlier Bulgar expansion had caused massive Slav migrations and depopulation of Bulgaria — in 762, more than 200,000 people fled to Byzantine territory and were relocated to Asia Minor. The Bulgars were defeated in 774, after Constantine V learnt of their planned raid.〔 In 783, a large Slavic uprising took place in the Byzantine Empire, stretching from Macedonia to the Peloponnese, which was subsequently quelled by Byzantine ''patrikios'' Staurakios.〔 In Pannonia, to the north of Serbia, Charlemagne started his offensive against the Avars.〔 Višeslav was succeeded by his son Radoslav, then grandson Prosigoj,〔 and one of these two most likely ruled during the revolt of Ljudevit Posavski against the Franks (819–822);〔 according to Einhard's ''Royal Frankish Annals'', written in 822, Ljudevit went from his seat at Sisak to the Serbs (believed to have been somewhere in western Bosnia),〔 with Einhard mentioning "the Serbs, who control the greater part of Dalmatia" (''ad Sorabos, quae natio magnam Dalmatiae partem obtinere dicitur''). Višeslav's great-grandson Vlastimir began his rule in 830, and he is the oldest Serbian ruler of which there is substantial data on.〔 A street in the Čukarica neighbourhood in Belgrade is named after him (''(ulica kneza Višeslava )''). __NOTOC__ ==See also== *List of Serbian monarchs 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Višeslav of Serbia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|